%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFed237351 66 0 R /QuickPDFF32a1de33 110 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 111 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20200415102638+02'00') /ModDate (D:20200415102638+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3269 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF32a1de33 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 60.4428 770.8329 Tm (Assessment of Factors Affecting Time and Cost Performance of Indigenous and)Tj 1 0 0 1 204.9018 752.1709 Tm (Foreign Contractors in Nigeria)Tj ET /QuickPDFF32a1de33 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 131.2518 717.2179 Tm (Ayodeji Oke, Clinton Aigbavboa and Zanele Madonsela \(South Africa\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF32a1de33 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.188 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFed237351 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 675.188 Tm 14.454 TL (Affordable housing; Cost management; Quantity surveying; Sustainable construction)' ET /QuickPDFF32a1de33 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 646.8416 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFed237351 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.4951 Tm 14.454 TL (As a result of pollution, deforestation and other environmental challenges, construction process and activities)' (has contributed in no small measure to environmental degradation. One of the fundamental tri-pod of)' (sustainability is keeping the environment safe for the inhabitants. This study therefore examine the impact of)' (construction activities on the environment with a view to highlighting mitigating approaches and their)' (enforcement strategies. A quantitative research methodology was adopted, and convenient sampling)' (technique was employed to gather from primary sources. Questionnaires were administered on construction)' (professionals, that is, architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, safety officers as well as construction and)' (facility managers. Construction activities impact badly on the environment due to waste generation, resource)' (consumption \(such as water, electricity and fuel consumption during the construction process\), noise)' (pollution, air pollution due to dust from construction activities as well as bad odours from large diesel)' (powered vehicles/construction machinery. Although, some of these impacts cannot be completely eradicated,)' (there are a number of approaches that could be used to mitigate them, these include Environmental Impact)' (Assessment \(EIA\), green building \(sustainable construction\), Quantitative Risk Assessment \(QRA\),)' (Environmental Management System \(EMS\), and Environmental Protection Agency \(EPA\). Therefore, an)' (effort should be made by government and construction stakeholders to efficiently incorporate and enforce the)' (available approaches/ initiatives through constant monitoring of construction process from start to)' (completion and legislative laws that spell out punishment as response to violations. Awareness, learning and)' (trainings of construction stakeholders on the impacts of building construction activities on the environment is)' (also recommended)' ET /QuickPDFFed237351 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Assessment of Factors Affecting Time and Cost Performance of Indigenous and Foreign Contractors in Nigeria \(10238\))' (Ayodeji Oke, Clinton Aigbavboa and Zanele Madonsela \(South Africa\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2020)' (Smart surveyors for land and water management)' (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1014 May 2020)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
c%d:WMQ&1֎PP/3k v'[-A:;NcC瑊Sd3G.#Oss
endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 541
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
x-SK%!)@<117NիJ-`Ȓ)Y&?]k_cZgk]%}$W|?GkM7cb}cޅil:lo:]u*.Sb@>
stream
x325P0P040 b 4
endstream
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Length 688
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
xEK$ACu@ {nfQ}